Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

Radiation Research, Vol. 146, No. 2 (Aug., 1996), pp. 232-235 (4 pages) Buffer solutions used in experiments in radiation biology may be sterilized by either autoclaving or filtration. We show here ...

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Process liquids and buffers are necessary tools for biotherapeutic manufacturing. In small-scale process development scales, these liquids are often overlooked as the focus is usually on the molecule, ...

One of the goals for designers of new high-performance analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is to relax the design requirements for the external input amplifier and reference, often by including ...