Optical vector analysis has emerged as a critical tool for characterising optical devices, enabling simultaneous measurement of amplitude and phase responses over wide bandwidths. This technique is ...

Last month, we clarified the definition of a vector and showed you how vectors are added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. This month, we'll see how to use vectors in defining a complex circuit ...

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Lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) efficiently deliver therapeutic RNA payloads and can be rapidly scaled up through cell-free production processes. However, their complex structure presents analytical ...